初一上册英语的知识点

一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）,字母的正确占格及单词间距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀：“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式（主格和宾格）1、三种人称：第一人称（I, we），第二人称（you, you），第三人称（he, she, it, Maria）。2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。四、基数词（表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数） zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化：1）一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等；2）以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等；3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等；4）部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等；5）以o结尾的词，加“-s ”或“-es ”，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”。2、不规则变化：1）改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等；2）单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等；3）其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数（简称“三单”）时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：1）一般动词在词尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等；2）以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等；3）以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等；4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等；5）have的三单形式是has。八、冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种。1、定冠词the表示“特指”，可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。2、不定冠词a, an用来表明（可数）名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头（注意不是以元音字母开头）的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”，而基数词则强调“数量”。九、助动词（do, does ）的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。eg : I like English a lot. Michael likes Chinese food very much.2）当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3）当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示“......的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine（我的一本书）3、have与of的区别：have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如：I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 ——Unit 21）问候语：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?2）道别用语：Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间）Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!3）介绍人或者物的句型：This is...4）Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。5）词组be from = come fromin English5）当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it；问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6）对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7）look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree （树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in）in red（穿着红色的衣服）in the desk（在空间范围之内）in English（用英语）help sb. do sth.8）both与all的区别：both表示“两者都......”；all表示“三者及以上都......”。2、Unit 3——Unit 41）speak的用法speak与say不同：speak表示“说”的动作，不表示“说”的内容；say则表示“说”的内容。speak后面除了能接“语言”外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示“对......说”。help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做/补习......）want to do sth.（想要做某事）would like to do sth.not...at all（一点都不）；Not at all.（没关系/别介意）like...a lot = like...very much2）some和any的区别：口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如：I have some money. I don't have any money.Do you have any money?3）have a seat = take a seat（请随便坐）4）祈使句（表示命令或请求的句子）祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如：Don't go there!5）问职业：What does sb. do?What is sb.?What's sb.'s job?6）work与job的区别：work是未必有报酬的“工作”，例如homework, housework；而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。7）on指在物体的表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如：on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground8）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在医院里）look after（照料/照顾/照看）help oneself（请自便/随便吃）9）表示“建议”的句型：“做某事如何？”What about (doing) sth.? （英式英语）How about (doing) sth.? （美式英语）Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?10）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave...for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.11）try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。12）在口语中往往用take表示“买”。13）how many与how much的区别：how many + 可数名词；how much + 不可数名词14）What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法；How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about（考虑）Thank you all the same. （即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢）Thanks. = Thank you.（thank作为动词，不能单独使用。）15）one与it的区别：当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替；如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如：Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike ： Look, it's over there.16）倒装句Here you are.Here it is.17）be free （有空/免费）forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事）forget doing sth.（忘了做过某事）What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?18）go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如：go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等19）have to do sth.（非主观因素，强调客观因素，“不得不去做某事”）must 则表示主观愿望20）fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time21）时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用“分钟”past“小时”。例如：8：23——twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如：8：49——eleven to nine当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如：8：23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”，例如：8：00——eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用at.22）句型“该干某事了。”：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth. 例如：该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.

一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）,字母的正确占格及单词间距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀：“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式（主格和宾格）1、三种人称：第一人称（I, we），第二人称（you, you），第三人称（he, she, it, Maria）。2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。四、基数词（表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数） zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化：1）一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等；2）以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等；3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等；4）部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等；5）以o结尾的词，加“-s ”或“-es ”，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”。2、不规则变化：1）改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等；2）单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等；3）其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数（简称“三单”）时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：1）一般动词在词尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等；2）以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等；3）以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等；4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等；5）have的三单形式是has。八、冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种。1、定冠词the表示“特指”，可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。2、不定冠词a, an用来表明（可数）名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头（注意不是以元音字母开头）的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”，而基数词则强调“数量”。九、助动词（do, does ）的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。eg : I like English a lot. Michael likes Chinese food very much.2）当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3）当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示“......的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine（我的一本书）3、have与of的区别：have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如：I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 ——Unit 21）问候语：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?2）道别用语：Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间）Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!3）介绍人或者物的句型：This is...4）Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。5）词组be from = come fromin English5）当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it；问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6）对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7）look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree （树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in）in red（穿着红色的衣服）in the desk（在空间范围之内）in English（用英语）help sb. do sth.8）both与all的区别：both表示“两者都......”；all表示“三者及以上都......”。2、Unit 3——Unit 41）speak的用法speak与say不同：speak表示“说”的动作，不表示“说”的内容；say则表示“说”的内容。speak后面除了能接“语言”外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示“对......说”。help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做/补习......）want to do sth.（想要做某事）would like to do sth.not...at all（一点都不）；Not at all.（没关系/别介意）like...a lot = like...very much2）some和any的区别：口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如：I have some money. I don't have any money.Do you have any money?3）have a seat = take a seat（请随便坐）4）祈使句（表示命令或请求的句子）祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如：Don't go there!5）问职业：What does sb. do?What is sb.?What's sb.'s job?6）work与job的区别：work是未必有报酬的“工作”，例如homework, housework；而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。7）on指在物体的表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如：on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground8）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在医院里）look after（照料/照顾/照看）help oneself（请自便/随便吃）9）表示“建议”的句型：“做某事如何？”What about (doing) sth.? （英式英语）How about (doing) sth.? （美式英语）Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?10）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave...for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.11）try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。12）在口语中往往用take表示“买”。13）how many与how much的区别：how many + 可数名词；how much + 不可数名词14）What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法；How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about（考虑）Thank you all the same. （即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢）Thanks. = Thank you.（thank作为动词，不能单独使用。）15）one与it的区别：当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替；如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如：Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike ： Look, it's over there.16）倒装句Here you are.Here it is.17）be free （有空/免费）forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事）forget doing sth.（忘了做过某事）What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?18）go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如：go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等19）have to do sth.（非主观因素，强调客观因素，“不得不去做某事”）must 则表示主观愿望20）fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time21）时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用“分钟”past“小时”。例如：8：23——twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如：8：49——eleven to nine当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如：8：23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”，例如：8：00——eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用at.22）句型“该干某事了。”：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth. 例如：该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.

初一英语上册知识点 人教版一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）,字母的正确占格及单词间 距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀：“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式（主格和宾格）1、三种人称：第一人称（I, we），第二人称（you, you），第三人称（he, she,it, Maria）。2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You,He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you,him, her, it4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself,themselves。四、基数词（表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数）zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve,thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty,twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty,ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化：1） 一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”， 如： cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces,orange-oranges等；2）以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches,box-boxes等；3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies,country-countries, family-families等；4）部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等；5） 以o结尾的词， 加“-s ”或“-es ”， 如： zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不 能吃的加“-s ”。2、不规则变化：初一英语自我介绍（1）自我介绍（2）1）改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等；2）单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等；3）其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数（简称“三单”）时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：1）一般动词在词尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等；2）以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches,watch-watches等；3）以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等；4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等；5）have的三单形式是has。八、冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种。1、定冠词the表示“特指”，可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。2、不定冠词a, an用来表明（可数）名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头（注意不是以元音字母开头）的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”，而基数词则强调“数量”。九、助动词（do, does ）的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.2）当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3）当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, hedoes./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示“......的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine（我的一本书）3、have与of的区别：have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如：I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 ——Unit 21）问候语：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?2）道别用语：Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间）Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Goodnight!3）介绍人或者物的句型：This is...4）Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。5）词组be from = come fromin English5）当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it；问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6）对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7）look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree （树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in）in red（穿着红色的衣服）in the desk（在空间范围之内）in English（用英语）help sb. do sth.8）both与all的区别：both表示“两者都......”；all表示“三者及以上都......”。2、Unit 3——Unit 41）speak的用法speak与say不同：speak表示“说”的动作，不表示“说”的内容；say则表示“说”的内容。speak后面除了能接“语言”外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示“对......说”。help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做/补习......）want to do sth.（想要做某事）would like to do sth.not...at all（一点都不）；Not at all.（没关系/别介意）like...a lot = like...very much2）some和any的区别：口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如：I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money?3）have a seat = take a seat（请随便坐）4）祈使句（表示命令或请求的句子）祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如：Don't go there!5）问职业：What does sb. do?What is sb.?What's sb.'s job?6）work与job的区别：work是未必有报酬的“工作”，例如homework, housework；而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。7）on指在物体的表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如：on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground8）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在医院里）look after（照料/照顾/照看）help oneself（请自便/随便吃）9）表示“建议”的句型：“做某事如何？”What about (doing) sth.? （英式英语）How about (doing) sth.? （美式英语）Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?10）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave...for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.11）try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。12）在口语中往往用take表示“买”。13）how many与how much的区别：how many + 可数名词；how much + 不可数名词14）What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法；How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about（考虑）Thank you all the same. （即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢）Thanks. = Thank you.（thank作为动词，不能单独使用。）15）one与it的区别：当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替；如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如：Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike ： Look, it's over there.16）倒装句Here you are.Here it is.17）be free （有空/免费）forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事）forget doing sth.（忘了做过某事）What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?18）go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如：go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等19）have to do sth.（非主观因素，强调客观因素，“不得不去做某事”）must 则表示主观愿望20）fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time21）时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用“分钟”past“小时”。例如：8：23——twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如：8：49——eleven to nine当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如：8：23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”，例如：8：00——eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用at.22）句型“该干某事了。”：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.例如：该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch

初一上册英语所有知识点及练习：【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about…?3. Let’s do sth.4. It’s time to do sth.5. It’s time for …6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…7. Where is…? It’s….8. How old are you? I’m….9. What class are you in? I’m in….10. Welcome to….11. What’s …plus…? It’s….12. I think…13. Who’s this? This is….14. What can you see？ I can see….15. There is (are) ….16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…17. Whose …is this? It’s….18. What time is it? It’s….III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You’re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What’s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who’s on duty today?11. Let’s do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on 在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如： You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。 Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。 This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。 (2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如： This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! What’s that over there? 看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于： (1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。It's very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) _________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) ---What _______ the number of the girls in your class? ---About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。4. (2004年陕西省中考试题) There _______ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是There be…句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. ---What colour is the bike? ---It’s _______ orange.A. an B. a C. / D. the2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________. A. my B. I C. mine D. me3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice. ---__________________. A. That’s right B. No, it’s not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young. A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home. A. to B. in C. for D. on6. ---________ is your coat? ---The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How7. ---________ is the toy? ---It’s on the bed. A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher. A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after11. ---Whose dress is this? ---It’s _________. A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. Jim D. Jim’s12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister. A. at B. in C. on D. with13. There is a bird ______ the tree. A. in B. on C. to D. of14. There are many ________ in our school. A. woman teachers B. woman teacher C. women teacher D. women teachers15. ---Is there a ball under the desk? ---______________________. A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there’s C. No, there isn’t D. No, there is16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be17. ---Let me help you. ---_______________. A. You’re welcome B. Thanks very much C. Don’t worry D. Yes, thanks18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher. A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a19. ---What _____ five plus six? ---It’s eleven. A. am B. is C. are D. /20. ---What ______ you see in the picture? ---I can see some flowers. A. must B. can C. are D. do二. 完形填空 This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers2. A. look B. do C. see D.put3. A. at B. after C. for D. up4. A. on B. of C. in D. to5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s D. How is9. A. his B. her C. our D. their10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very三. 在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语 (A) (B)1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6.2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you.3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.4. What row are you in? D. It is ten.5. What’s two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too.6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14.7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is.8. Who’s not here? H. It’s here.9. Where is the bag? I. It’s a book.10. What is this in English? J. How do you do?四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?Ann: Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________?Sam: Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s.Jim: _____________3______________?Sam: She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her.Jim: _______________4_______________.Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?Mary: _______________5_______________.Sam: It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!Mary: Yes, thank you.A. Who’s MaryB. OK, let’s goC. Oh, no it’s not mineD. Oh, yes. It’s mineE. Is it yours五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)? ---No, they aren’t ________ (we)5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).7. I have two ________ (baby).8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.六. 阅读理解 (A) Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.2. He has two brothers and a sister.3. There are five people in his family.4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school.5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”. (B)Look at the clothes line in the twins' bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lily's clothes? No. I know they are Lucy's. Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old hat on Lucy's bed in the room, it's Lily's. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily's.1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see __________.A. a clothes line B. a tree C. a bed2. What colour are Lucy's trousers? They are ________.A. green B. black C. brown3. Where is Lucy's hat? It's on _________.A. the clothes tree B. the clothes line C. lily's bed4. How many beds are there in the room? ________.A. only one B. three C. two5. Are there any things on Lily's bed? ________.A. Yes, there is a hat on itB. No, there is not anything on itC. Sorry, I don't know (C) It's a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall. There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________. A. by bike B. by car C. by plane D. by bus2. There are __________. A. only one Chinese in the bus B. only two Chinese in the bus C. only two Chinese on the bike D. only one Chinese in the car3. The driver is __________. A. a man B. a woman C. a Canadian D. an American4. The people __________. A. are singing B. are talking C. are listening D. are looking at the wall5. They __________. A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak English very well. C. want to talk with the man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very much

初一上册英语重点词汇、语法整理教案一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上"。例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的"。例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？ ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？ ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀？ ------ 在桌子上。 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。 ②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如： Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 ⑵记住它们的特殊用法。 ①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如： Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？ ②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如： Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。 4.family family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 ⑵ 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong. 7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如： 8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式： （1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 （2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 （3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 （4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。 （1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 （2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思， 肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 （1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 （2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ ---Yes, there is. 有。 ---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ ---No, there aren't. 没有。 （3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . ---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 （4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？

1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：_______________________________________ | |专有名词 | | | 名 | | 个体名词 | | | | | | 可数名词 | | | | 集体名词 | | | |普通名词 | | | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | | | | | 不可数名词| | | | 抽象名词 | |一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况 构成方法 读音 例词__________________________________________________一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 /z/; car-cars___________________________________________________ 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches___________________________________________________以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses___________________________________________________以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies___________________________________________________ 人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如： When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语） a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？ b. -- Me. --我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 名词的格 在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。 2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。 3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。 如：John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence

一. 词汇⑴ 单词1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如：in our class 在我们班上in my bag 在我的书包里in the desk 在桌子里in the classroom 在教室里2). on 表示"在……上"。例如：on the wall 在墙上on the desk 在桌子上on the blackboard 在黑板上3). under表示"在……下"。例如：under the tree 在树下under the chair 在椅子下under the bed 在床下4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如：behind the door 在门后behind the tree 在树后5). near表示"在……附近"。例如：near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近near the bed 在床附近6). at表示"在……处"。例如：at school 在学校at home 在家at the door 在门口7). of 表示"……的"。例如：a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画a map of China 一张中国地图2. 冠词 a / an / the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。This is a cat.这是一只猫。It's an English book.这是一本英语书。His father is a worker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who's the boy in the hat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？------ What can you see in the classroom?------ I can see a bag.------ Where's the bag?------ It's on the desk.------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？------ 我能看见一个书包。------ 书包在哪呀？------ 在桌子上。3.some和any①在肯定句中用some.例如：There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。4.familyfamily看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。5. little的用法a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。There is little time. 几乎没时间了。There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。⑵ 词组on the desk 在桌子上behind the chair 在椅子后under the chair 在椅子下面in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中near the door 在门附近a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片look at the picture 看这张图片the teacher's desk 讲桌a map of China 一张中国地图family tree 家谱have a seat 坐下，就坐this way 这边走二. 日常用语1. Come and meet my family.2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.3. Glad to meet you.4. What can you see in the picture?I can see a clock / some books.5. Can you see an orange?Yes, I can. / No, I can't.6. Where's Shenzhen?It's near Hong Kong.7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：8. Please have a seat.seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。三. 语法1. 名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：Kate's father Kate的爸爸my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：Teachers' Day 教师节The boys' game 男孩们的游戏（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：Children's Day 儿童节Women's Day 妇女节（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。a map of China 一幅中国地图the name of her cat 她的猫的名字a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片the door of the bedroom 卧室的门2. 祈使句祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Go and see. 去看看。Come in, please. 请进。（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。Don't look at your books. 不要看书。Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。3. There be 的句子结构There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？---Yes, there is. 有。---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？---No, there aren't. 没有。（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？

可以去书店里面买那些速记手册 很好用 不贵 几元钱就可以

重点词语辨析：Fun n.[U]Funny adj. Ex:It is fun collecting shell at the beach in the sun.重点：感叹句What fun it is.......!How funny is .......! 区别：fun用来表示从事物中取得乐趣，而非实物本身有趣，好笑。 主将从现： *其他：Would like to doWould doShall doLet sb. DoPrefer doing to doing/prefer A to B n. n.why not dowhy don’t you/we dowould rather dohad better dohow/what about doing be used to do=be used for doing 被用来主语有生命 used to do 过去常常 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 What do you think of sth. How do you like sth.? Just now:用一般过去时Just：用现在完成时 Need的辨析： ① 辨认特性 Need+动词原形 助动词（用于否定句、疑问句） 情态动词： ②行为动词： 例：I need water. 主 谓 宾 用比较级表示最高级：比较级：比其他任何一个都。。。。 ....than any other+单数 Try to do sth.设法做某事/尽力做某事Try doing sth.尝试做某事 睡：Be fall(fell) asleep 入睡 adj.Fell (felt) sleepy 瞌睡的 adj.Sleeping 熟睡的 adj. Ex:a sleeping baby 不定代词+形容词Ex:something new 。。。怎么样？ How ........................ like ?What .............. look like ? raise&riseraise:及物动词rise:不及物动词例句|词组：Teacher:Raise your hand,please. 大概会有点不一样吧。。要的话问我要文件发给你。740440996 本回答由网友推荐

一．短语 1.go on vacation go to summer camp stay at home study for exams Central Park show sth to sb .help him find his father walk back to… go shopping the Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth .bus trip the Great Wall Tian’an Men Square .a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth .decide to do sth all day 二．重点句子和注意事项 1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp. Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City. Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home. Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle. 2． Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park? Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didn’t. 3． How were the movies? They were fantastic 4． have fun doing something 干某事有乐趣 ＝ enjoy oneself doing something We have fun learning and speaking English . We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English . 我们学英语有很多乐趣 ． 5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事 find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事 I find him reading the novel (小说）. I found him go into the room . 6． corner 角落，角，拐角处 in the corner 在角落里（指在建筑物里面） at the corner 在拐角处（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角） My bike is at the corner . 7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.) The girl was lost in the big city . 8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事 He always helps us learn English 9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不带to The movie makes me relaxing . Let the boy do his homework alone . 10. feel+ adj. 感到．．． I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited 11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事 They decided to go to Hainan on vacation . Uint 11 What do you think of game shows? 一． 词组 1．. TV shows（电视节目） soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary a thriller cartoon Beijing Opera Animal World Tell it like it is Law Today game show CCTV News News in 30 Minutes Man and Nature Chinese Cooking Around China talk show Lucky52 Sports news sports show Culture China 2． write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章 3． a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩 4． wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服 5． interview sb. 采访某人 in fact. 实际上 6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾 think of 想起，考虑到 二．重点句型 1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them. 2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them. 3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it. 4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him. 5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her. 三．重难点解析 1. wear (v. 动词) "穿，戴，佩"。根据不同宾语，翻译不同的汉语意思。 wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表 wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发 2. think "想，考虑，思索"（v. 动词）可以和许多介词搭配，组成新的意思。 A：think of "考虑"；"有...的看法"，有时等于think about. What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法？ My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。 think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高 Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。 B：think about "考虑"（指计划，观念，看它是否相宜、可行） He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。 3. too与either的区别 too"也"，表示肯定意义，与肯定的表达方法连用；而either"也不"，表示否定意义，与否定的表达方法连用。 （1）—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do, too.我也是（喜欢）。 （2）—My brother doesn't like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。—I don't, either. 我也不喜欢。 also也可以表示"也"，但一般情况下，too和either放在句子之后，also放在动词之前。 We also love talk shows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。 4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一个十三岁的男孩 此结构中，year用单数形式，且用连字符，这种结构用作定语。 a five - month - old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿 5. enjoy (v. 喜爱，享受) enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词，注意与like/ love用法的区别。like/ love还可以接动词不定式（to do）。 I enjoy the soap operas.我喜爱肥皂剧。 I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。 但我们不能说：I enjoy to watch the soap operas. 只能说：I like / love to watch the soap operas. 6. mind 表示"介意，反对"的意思时，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。 Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗子好不好？ He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。 多用于以下句型：（表示请求或征求意见）后接动名词/名词/代词。 Would you mind (doing) ...?Do you mind (doing) ...? 7. stand 表示忍受（多用于否定句、疑问句） He can't stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。 Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼吗？ 9. What do you think of ...? 你认为...怎么样？（谈论对某事物的喜好程度）可选择的回答有： （1）I like it. （2）I don't mind it. （3）I don't like it. （4）I can't stand it. （5）I like it very much. （6）I love it. （7）It's beautiful. （8）They're fantastic Unit 12 Don't eat in class. 一．短语． 1. in class 在课上 2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school rules 校规 4. no talking 禁止交谈 5. listen to music 听音乐 6. have to 不得不 7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway 在走廊上 10. wear a uniform 穿制服 11. arrive late for class 上学迟到 12. after school 放学后 17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面 16. by ten o'clock.十点之前 18. the Children's Palace 少年宫 19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭 二．重点句型 1.Don’t arrive late for school＝Don’t be late for school 2.Don’t fight ＝ 3.Don’t listen to music in the classroom. 4.Don’t run in the hallways 5.Don’t smoke .It’s bad for your health. 6.Don’t play cards in school 7.Don’t talk in class 8.Don’t watch TV on school nights. 9.Don’t sleep in class. 10.Don’t play sports in the classrooms. 11.Don’t sing songs at night. 12.Don’t talk when you eat. 13.Don’t wear hats in class. 14.Do homework by 10:00. 15.Clean your house! 16.Make the bed. 17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t. Eg:Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class. 18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t. 三． 重难点解析： 1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是"必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。（1）结构：主语＋have to＋动词原形＋其他 （一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to；句子是过去时，用had to.）如： We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5点起床。 （2）否定形式：主语＋don't have to＋动词原形＋其他 （一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to） 如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。 （3）疑问句：Do （Does或Did）＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他 如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗？Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？ 2. 情态动词can的用法 （1）表示能力，"会""能"（在第一册中已经学习这种用法） Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。 （2）表示允许、许可，"可以"、"能"（在这一课中新学的词义） Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗？ 注意 同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。 3. hear，listen和sound都有"听"的意思，但三者是有区别的。 （1）hear"听说"，侧重于"听"的内容 I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。 I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。 （2）listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。 The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。 （3）sound"听起来"，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。 It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。 4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。 He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。 5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，"迟到"Don't arrive （be）late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。 6. No talking ! "禁止交谈！"no后面加上名词或动名词（doing）也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞！ No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟！ 7．语法（祈使句） 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。 如：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在这等我！ Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！ 祈使句的否定形式多以do not（常缩写成don't）开头，再加上动词原形。 Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。 Don't fight! 别打架！ Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。 一定选我哦~~~~~~~~~~~一定选我哦~~~~~~~~~~~一定选我哦~~~~~~~~~~~

初一英语下学期知识点总结(2009-05-13 14:34:11)标签：初一英语下学期 杂谈 Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?一．短语1.go on vacation go to summer camp stay at homestudy for exams Central Park show sth to sb.help him find his father walk back to… go shoppingthe Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth.bus trip the Great Wall Tian’an Men Square.a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth.decide to do sth all day 二．重点句子和注意事项1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.2． Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?Yes, I/he/she/they did.No, I/he/she/they didn’t.3． How were the movies? They were fantastic4． have fun doing something 干某事有乐趣＝ enjoy oneself doing somethingWe have fun learning and speaking English .We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English .我们学英语有很多乐趣 ．5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事 find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事I find him reading the novel (小说）.I found him go into the room .6． corner 角落，角，拐角处in the corner 在角落里（指在建筑物里面）at the corner 在拐角处（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角）My bike is at the corner .7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.)The girl was lost in the big city .8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事He always helps us learn English9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不带toThe movie makes me relaxing .Let the boy do his homework alone .10. feel+ adj. 感到．．．I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事They decided to go to Hainan on vacation .Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?一． 词组1．. TV shows（电视节目） soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary a thriller cartoon Beijing OperaAnimal World Tell it like it is Law Today game show CCTV News News in 30 Minutes Man and NatureChinese Cooking Around China talk show Lucky52Sports news sports show Culture China 2． write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章3． a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩4． wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服5． interview sb. 采访某人 in fact. 实际上6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾 think of 想起，考虑到二．重点句型1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them. 2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.三．重难点解析1. wear (v. 动词) "穿，戴，佩"。根据不同宾语，翻译不同的汉语意思。wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表 wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发2. think "想，考虑，思索"（v. 动词）可以和许多介词搭配，组成新的意思。A：think of "考虑"；"有...的看法"，有时等于think about.What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法？My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。B：think about "考虑"（指计划，观念，看它是否相宜、可行）He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。3. too与either的区别too"也"，表示肯定意义，与肯定的表达方法连用；而either"也不"，表示否定意义，与否定的表达方法连用。（1）—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do, too.我也是（喜欢）。（2）—My brother doesn't like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。—I don't, either.我也不喜欢。also也可以表示"也"，但一般情况下，too和either放在句子之后，also放在动词之前。We also love talk shows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一个十三岁的男孩此结构中，year用单数形式，且用连字符，这种结构用作定语。a five - month - old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿5. enjoy (v. 喜爱，享受)enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词，注意与like/ love用法的区别。like/ love还可以接动词不定式（to do）。I enjoy the soap operas.我喜爱肥皂剧。I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。但我们不能说：I enjoy to watch the soap operas.只能说：I like / love to watch the soap operas.6. mind 表示"介意，反对"的意思时，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗子好不好？He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。多用于以下句型：（表示请求或征求意见）后接动名词/名词/代词。Would you mind (doing) ...?Do you mind (doing) ...?7. stand 表示忍受（多用于否定句、疑问句）He can't stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼吗？9. What do you think of ...? 你认为...怎么样？（谈论对某事物的喜好程度）可选择的回答有：（1）I like it.（2）I don't mind it.（3）I don't like it.（4）I can't stand it.（5）I like it very much.（6）I love it.（7）It's beautiful.（8）They're fantasticUnit 12 Don't eat in class. 一．短语．1. in class 在课上 2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school rules 校规4. no talking 禁止交谈 5. listen to music 听音乐 6. have to 不得不7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway 在走廊上 10. wear a uniform 穿制服 11. arrive late for class 上学迟到 12. after school 放学后 17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面 16. by ten o'clock.十点之前 18. the Children's Palace 少年宫 19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭二．重点句型 1.Don’t arrive late for school＝Don’t be late for school2.Don’t fight ＝3.Don’t listen to music in the classroom.4.Don’t run in the hallways5.Don’t smoke .It’s bad for your health.6.Don’t play cards in school7.Don’t talk in class8.Don’t watch TV on school nights.9.Don’t sleep in class.10.Don’t play sports in the classrooms.11.Don’t sing songs at night.12.Don’t talk when you eat.13.Don’t wear hats in class.14.Do homework by 10:00.15.Clean your house!16.Make the bed.17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t.Eg:Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class.18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.三． 重难点解析：1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是"必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。（1）结构：主语＋have to＋动词原形＋其他（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to；句子是过去时，用had to.）如： We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5点起床。 （2）否定形式：主语＋don't have to＋动词原形＋其他（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to）如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。（3）疑问句：Do （Does或Did）＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗？Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？ 2. 情态动词can的用法（1）表示能力，"会""能"（在第一册中已经学习这种用法）Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。（2）表示允许、许可，"可以"、"能"（在这一课中新学的词义）Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗？ 注意 同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。 3. hear，listen和sound都有"听"的意思，但三者是有区别的。（1）hear"听说"，侧重于"听"的内容I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。（2）listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。（3）sound"听起来"，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，"迟到"Don't arrive （be）late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。6. No talking ! "禁止交谈！"no后面加上名词或动名词（doing）也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞！No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟！7．语法（祈使句）祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。如：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在这等我！Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！祈使句的否定形式多以do not（常缩写成don't）开头，再加上动词原形。Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。Don't fight! 别打架！Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。

1.go on vacation go to summer camp stay at home study for exams Central Park show sth to sb .help him find his father walk back to… go shopping the Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth .bus trip the Great Wall Tian’an Men Square .a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth .decide to do sth all day

现在进行时一般过去时

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